PLAZA MAYOR DE SALAMANCA

The Mayor of Salamanca, Spain, square is built as an urban space square that with time has become the center of social life of the city. It was built in the period from 1729 to 1756 year, in Baroque style. The design is the architect Alberto Churriguera




The current aspect, as regards the pavement (gray granite tile with pink granite marks), made around 1953 with granite from quarries Carbellino. Until then he had a central garden with trees, flower beds and a bandstand in the center. He is outlining what a cobbled street.




The main square of Salamanca is not a perfect square (is an irregular quadrilateral) and none of its facades measures the same. Approximately, the City Hall measuring 82.60 m, the eastern facade (Royal Pavilion) 80.60 m, the west façade is 81.60 m and the side of San Martin measures 75.69 m. Making a rough calculation, the square has an area of about 6400 sqm excluding porches. In total, the square has 88 arches with medallions in which major characters are represented in their spandrels.




The Town never completed: missing two towers on the side wings, the architect (Andrés García de Quiñones) did not dare to build on the grounds that the work which should be supported not meet conditions to withstand the weight, but remains the model of 1745. the project of the towers was used by the author to conclude the towers of the Clergy.

  El rapto de Propersina                           

         

The Rape of Proserpina. It is a sculpture by Gian Lorenzo Bernini between 1621 and 1622 belonging, therefore, to Baroque.

In this century 17th was a very important crisis because the wars, plagues...For example the more important war in the century was the war of 30 years that was a Religious war between the catholics and the protestants. In this century kings Felipe III, Felipe IV and Charles II (minor austrias)is called minors because end the riches empire in Spain. In this century kings the validos that do the work of the king with the same power.




It was commissioned by Scipione Borghese, who gave it to Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi in 1622, who took her to his villa. He remained there until 1908, when the Italian state acquired it and returned it to the Galleria Borghese.




As for the composition is a vertical line which three arms horizontally opposed, both of God and one of the young. Pluto hands sink into the smooth body of the young and meat yields under pressure. Eyebrow God is deformed under the thrust of the hand of the goddess. At the foot of the cerbero can estuatua, the monstrous animal that guards the gates of the kingdom of Pluto. It is one of the most naturalistic images of the history of sculpture.

La vocación de San Mateo.

Painting card:

Title/name: La vocación de San Mateo.
Author: Caravaggio.
Year: 1599-1600
Style: Italian Baroque.
Technique: Oil on canvas.
Location: Church of San Luigi of French, Rome.

General description: This is a work made from Caravagio in 1599-1600 using oil in canvas.

This paint was make for Caravagio, Caravaggio was an active italian painter in Rome, Naples, Malta and Sicily between 1593 and 1610. It is considered the first grat exponent of Baroque painting.

It was the first major work that Caravaggio made, not fo a private collector, for a public access church, where all Rome could see his work.
Caravaggio must make more complex scene in terms of meanings, setting, number of characters and moments of the action.

Therefore, compared to the paintings he had been done with one or two figures, The Calling of St Matthew present seven, to be organized coherently and in depth in an architectural space that can no longer be circumvented by the painter in a sort of neutral of neutral background lost in the dark.
However, Caravaggio did not give up at all its plastic resources, and again the light is what gives structure and sets the composition of the canvas. Thus, after the figure of Christ who just enter the tavern shines a powerful spotlight. The light has come into darknesswith Christ and risp the space diagonally to go look at the figure of Matthew surprised that backtracks and points to himself it is doubtful that he who seeks. The light beam reproduces the gesture of Christ, reaching masterfully scope and symbolism.

Cristo de la agonías o cristo yacente.

Sculpture card:

Title/name: Christ of the agonies.
Author: Gregorio Fernández.
Year: 1576-1636.
Style: Spanish Baroque.
Technique: polychomed wood.
Location: National Museum of Sculpture in Valladolid, Spain.
General descript: This is a piece of sculpture maked by Gregorio Fernández between 1576-1636 made to order from Duke fo Lerma.

This work was made by Gregorio Fernández, Gregorio was a Spanish Baroque sculptor, the greatest exponent of the Spanish school of sculpture. Heir to the expressiveness of Alonso Berruguete and Juan de Juni, knew bringing these influences classicism of Pompeyo Leoni and Juan de Arfe, so that his art was freed progessively from prevailing Mannerism in his time to become one of the the paradigms of the Spanish Baroque.

This sculpture, mainly religious, of which recumbent of Christ is a clear exmaple, meant a radical break with the nuance realism of Renaissance classicism, to focus on an extraordinarily heightened drama. Its main objetive will be to promote and enhance the religiosity of the faithful trought contemplation of martyrdom and death of Jesus, the Virgin pain, scenes of the life of saints, etc, all with a poignancy without limits.

One of the most important features that has this piece of sculpture is the pathosm showing us a sense of print depicting the pain of sculpture, in this case it is perceived very well since Christ has set eyes open that allows us to recognize that sesation.

Las meninas.

LAS MENINAS

Painting card

Name: Las meninas.

Author: Diego Velázquez.

Year: 1656.

Style: Baroque.

Technique: Oil on canvas

Location : Prado museum, Madrid.

General description: Las meninas is a painting from the spanish Diego Velázquez, it was created in 1656, the technique used is oil on canvas. It represent how the real maid servants (meninas), are serving Margarita María Teresa de Austria,daughter of Felipe IV and Mariana de Austria.

“Las meninas” was created by Diego de Velázquez and his style is baroque , a style that was given in europe between XVII century and a little of XVIII century. 

The baroque period was a period of decline for society, It was some wars, It had poor, but in the culture was a very important period, that predominated the realism and naturalism .
This painting have some curious things, for example we can see the painter Velázquez in the picture and also we can see a picture of Felipe IV and Mariana de Austria.
The technique used is oil on canvas with dimensions of 318 cm × 276 cm. The use of perspective is linear and the light are from front to back, this produce some darks behind, also it is claroscuro. The colours are cold colours and not with some variety. 

The compositions is pyramidal, from the people to the roof.
The function is political because represent the infanta and the meninas and it is historical because represent a real scene from baroque.
The figures are so realistic and naturalistic, typic from baroque.
This picture it one of the most important from baroque in spain and in all world, but it had other good baroque painters like Caravaggio or Rembrandt.


In my opinion, Velázquez was one of the most important baroque picture from baroque and it is normal because the realistic and the naturalistic that he putted in the paintings, it so awesome.

Cristo de la Clemencia

CRISTO DE LA CLEMENCIA

BASIC INFORMATION

Title: Cristo de la Clemencia
Author: Juan Martínez Montañés
Year: 1603-1604
Style: Baroque
Technique: Carved out of wood
Location: Cathedral of Seville
General description: It is a sculpture that it was created by Juan Martínez Montañés in 1603-1604. His style is Baroque and it was created with carved out of wood. It is in the Cathedral of Seville.

Cristo de la Clemencia is a sculpture of Juan Martínez Montañés. Montañés was an Spanish sculptor who worked between Renaissance and Baroque. Almost all his work is religious. The statues of Alonso Pérez de Guzmán and his wife Maria Alonso Coronel, made for the chapel of the monastery of San Isidoro del Campo in Santiponce. His works are: San Cristobal y el Niño, santo Domingo penitente, San Juan Bautista, Batalla de los Angeles....

The type of sculpture is free standing figure. The technique is carved out of wood. The light only focuses on the face of Cristo. It is religious because it represents Cristo and it is part of the Bible. The figure is realistic and naturalistic, express very well the emotions The sculpture represent Jesus in the cross with 4 nails (two in the hands and two in the feet). In the figure, I can see the representation of the bones and the blood. He has half-open eyes.

I think that the sculpture is beatiful because Montañés express very well the emotions.

La cena de Emaús

LA CENA DE EMAÚS

PAINTING CARD

Title: La Cena de Emaús
Autor: Caravaggio
Year: 1596-1602
Style: Italian Baroque
Technique: Oil on canvas
Location: National Gallery of Londres
General description: La Cena de Emaús is a painting of Caravaggio. It is a Italian Baroque and it was created in 1596-1602 in oil on canvas. It is in National Gallery of Londres.

La Cena de Emaús is a painting of Caravaggio. Caravaggio was an active Italian painter in Rome, Naples, Malta and Sicily between 1593-1610. It is considered the first great exponent of Baroque painting. It is Baroque. Some of his works are: La cena de Emaús, La vocacion de San Mateo, Baco, Jugadores de cartas, David con la cabeza de Goliat, Apolo tocando el laúd... and many more.

His technique is oil on canvas. He uses the tenebrism, it is a style of Baroque painting. It is characterized by the contrast of light and shadow through forced lighting. It has become common in the Spanish school or Spanish tenebris. It emerged in the 17th century as a result of the impact of caravaggismo in the tradition of using the technique of chiaroscuro already incorporated in the Spanish painting and used in the second half of the 16th century.
It is religious and it represents the two disciples of Jesucristo: Cleofás in the left and Santiago in the right, at the time of recognizing the risen Christ, who had come to dinner. The painting represents the moment that blesses the bread, an act that is part of the sacrament of the Eucharist.
The style is realistic.

I think that the painting is interesting because Caravaggio use the tenebrism and there is only light in the faces and he does the shadow on the wall.

Apollo and Daphne.

Apollo and Daphne

Sculpture Card:


Title: Apollo and Daphne.

Author: Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Year: 1622-1625.

Style: Baroque.

Technique: Marble.

Location: Galería Borghese (Rome).

General description: Apollo and Daphne is an sculpture made by Bernini between 1622 and 1625 and he used marble. It is baroque and is situated in the galery borghese in Rome. The sculpture shows one man and one women, Apollo and Daphne, that is one mythological myth.



Apolo and Dafne is the piece of art that now I will analyse, his author is Bernini, a very famous baroque sculptor, but he not only was sculptor, he was artist, painter and architect.
The style is baroque, this we can see in the expressions of the Apollo and Dafphe, especially in her.
The Baroque was a period of history in western culture originated by a new way of conceiving art and , starting from different historical and cultural contexts , he produced works in many artistic fields, for example in the sculpture. The baroque was established in Europe at the beginning of XVII century.
For that time was a bad period for the society but not for the culture of course.


This sculpture is a group of figures which represent one episode of Ovid's Metamorphoses, Apollo and Daphne.We could see that Daphne is transforming in a laurel, the same that mythological story and Apollo is catching her.
The technique used it is marble and the volumetric form is with diagonal lines for example in the arms.
The effects of lights are from upward to backward, as the sun light.
Is a mythological sculpture, more typical of renaissance and the figures are so realistics and naturalism, a characteristic of baroque.
This sculpture is a very famous sculpture from Bernini, the best italian sculptor from baroque, but also It was other good sculptors like Juan Martinez Montañes a spanish woodcarver or Francois Duquesnoy a sculptor classical style marble,stone and bronze .


In my opinion, Bernini is one of the greatest sculptors of all time because watching his piece of art, we could see the expressions and the naturalism,like in this piece, and this, reflected is marmol, it is so hard and so difficult, and for me he has enormous merit also, the proportions are very good.

The sacrifice of Isaac.

Sculpture card:
Author: Alonso Berruguete.
Year: 1523-1532.
Style: Spanish Renassaince.
Technique: gilding technique.
Location: Cultural Museum of Sculpture in Valladolid, Spain.
General description: This sculture its represents when Abraham will kill his son Isaac.


The sacrifice of Isaac is a sculpture made of wood painted by artist Alonso Berruguete in 1526 for the altarpiece of San Benito Monastery in Valladolid.
Alonso Beuguete came from a family of artists, her father was a famous painter and Alonso was trained as a sculptor and as a painter in the family workshop. He traveled to Italy to continue his his training, when he retur to Spain made some important works like the martydom os San Esteban.

Berruguete in the sacrifice of Isaac, chooses the right moment of maximun tension when the father is about to kill his son, also is impotant to observa that in this work does not efer to the angel sent by Yahvé to stop the father, so the images have a force of impressive expresions.
The form of this sculpture are manierist. Berruguete has echoes of the work done by the same subject, notwithstanding the spanish figures acquire greater stenght and expressiveness perhaps influenced by the discovery at the time of hellenistic sculpture of Laocoon.

 The characters wear light clothes decorated with the technique of gilding showing much of their naked body where the artist highlights a natural figure, the canon is enlogated own manierism and twisted into grimaces of terror Isaac and pain Abraham.

El entierro de Cristo.

EL ENTIERRO DE CRISTO


  

Sculpture Card:

-Name: El entierro de Cristo.
- Author: Juan de Juni.
- Year: 1541-1545.
- Style: Renaissance.
- Technique: Sculpture carved in wood.
- Location: National museum of sculpture of San Gregorio in Valladolid(Spain
- General description: El entierro de Cristo is a sculpture that represent the burial of Christ with 7 different sculptures. In the centre Christ is situated and other 6 people are near. The thematic obviously is religious.


El entierro de Cristo of Juan de Juni is a renaissance sculpture. The renaissance was the period in Europe from 14th to 17th century, one of the characteristic to establish renaissance in Europe was the humanism, specially the anthropocentrism, a idea that the human is the centre of the universe and not God, although this sculpture is a religious , is from the renaissance in Spain. In Spain the renaissance was established some years later respect other places of Europe, for example Italy, also Spain have not got some renaissance pieces of art because the gothic was established very strongly, for the catholics kings.


The form used in this sculpture is a group of people that are adoring to Christ
As Juan de Juni was a sculptor that used normally the wood, this sculpture is a wood sculpture. Also the form is cuadrangular with some people kneeling and other people up.
The lights are from upward to backward, simulation the sun and in front of Christ.
It is formed by polychrome wood.
The function is religious and the subject matter is the bible, a situation that the burial of Christ.The figures try to be realistics and it be but other sculptures are more realistics.
Other good spanish sculptor are Vasco de la Zarz, Felipe Vigarny or Bartolomé Ordoñez.


This sculpture is very nice sculpture but I prefer other types of sculpture like The Piety, David…, italian sculptures because are more realistics and in my opinion more difficult to make.

El Escorial

 EL ESCORIAL

BASIC INFORMATION 

Author: Juan Herrera

Title: El Escorial

Year: 1563-1584

Style: Spanish Culture

Technique: Sand, lime, granite, slate, marble and bronze

Location: Madrid

General Description: El Escorial is a monastery devised by Felipe II and his architect Juan Bautista of Toledo.

This is the monastery of San Lorenzo of El Escorial. The architect is Juan Herrera. Juan Herrera was an architect, mathematician and geometrician. One of the most outstanding Spanish architects in the 16th century. He represents the peak of the Renaissance in Spain.

Their works were: Monastery of San Lorenzo of El Escorial, Cathedral of Valladolid, Royal Palace of Aranjuez and Archivo General of Indias. His most important work was El Escorial, that he ended in 1584, after reorganizing the original project of Juan Bautista of Toledo. Later, Felipe II, commanded the Cathedral of Valladolid and it was to be the largest cathedral in Europe. 

The style is Spanish Culture. The construction is in 1563-1584. 

El Escorial is a royal palace, a basilica, a cemetery, a library and a monastery. It was built with sand, lime, granite and slate. Marbles figures in Toledo and bronze in Milan.

This monastery is in Madrid. 

The plant is rectangular with four cornes towers. That is common in the Castilian fortresses of stone, classic Italian architecture in the basilica and the covers. The roofs made with slate. 

The sections of the building are: the library, Palace of Felipe II, basilica, crypt, reliquaries, convent, main staircase, chapter houses, hall of battles, museum of architecture and gardens of the friars.

I think that El Escorial is one of the best monasteries of Spain. I like it because now is a museum and you can visit all.

    palace of Carlos V

The palace of Charles V of Granada, independent community of Andalusia, Spain, is a Renaissance building situated on the hill of the Alhambra. Since 1958, it houses the Museum of Fine Arts in Granada and, since 1994, is also home to the Museum of the Alhambra.




It was built by King Charles I (Holy Roman Emperor with the name of Carlos V) from his marriage to Isabel of Portugal, held in Seville in 1526. After the wedding, the couple was living several months in the Alhambra, being deeply impressed by the palace, leaving commissioned the construction of the new palace with the intention to establish residence in the Granada Alhambra.

In the sigle 16th is the sigle when this happen, in tis sigle kings Charles I and Felipe II.

Charles I have a lot of domestics problems and with others countries. Felipe the same at Charles.

In this sigle there was a Religious revolt of Luterans but this was a century with a lot of riches of the Americas.




The floor of the palace the forms a square of 63 meters side with a circular courtyard inscribed inside. This provision, mannerist main feature of the palace, is unprecedented in Renaissance architecture and construction located in what is considered the artistic vanguard of the moment. The building consists of two levels: the bass is fully padded Tuscan order, whose pilasters decorated large brass rings are inserted. The top floor is Ionic and pilasters alternating with lintel openings provided with pediment.

On the inside we can see that is also divided into two floors subject by a doric colonnade on the first floor and the second an Ionic colonnade.

The Birth of Venus.

PAINTING CARD:

Title/Name: The Birth of Venus.

Author: Botticelli.

Year: 1484

Style: Renaissance.

Technique: tempera on canvas.

Location: Gallery Uffizi, Florence, Italy

General description: 

This is The Birth of Venus, this paint represent the summit work of Sandro Botticelli.

Sandro Botticelli was a painter of the Italian Quattrocento. This painting has a mitology theme, that show the birth of Venus the goddess of love. The work was realized between 1484 and 1486.

The painting was making about tempera on canvas. The light is similar in all the work, but in the sea look like more like that was maked with the white. In the middle of the painting we can see Venus, to her right was a pair formed by Céfiro and his wife Cloris and to her left the Hora Primavera.

Botticelli used black lines marking the outlines of the figures protagonists and uses soft and almost uniform to provide an air of unreality to the canvs light colors.

Also we can see a contrast to thr pallor of Venus and the other two female characters with darker skin of the male character. The figures are modeled surface and are somewhat flat, with slender bodies and poor muscle development.

The composition of the work was dynamism, movmente and tension in the scene. This picture has the historical function, because show part of the histoy of mitology.

All the painted include the historical, the mitology, the landscape, the portrait, the genre.

The landscape is one of this subject matter, because the scene happens in the sea, the portrait show the four people with details and the genre is important because appear one man between the three womans. 

The figures are idealised that provide a deep lyricism to this picture.

This work show and represent the birth of the Venus, that was good because the history about the picture are interesting and you learn about the mitology and about the art of the 15th period. 

San Lorenzo. Brunelleschi

  

Arquitectonic card:

Title/name: Church of San Lorenzo.
Author: Filippo Brunelleschi.                 
Year: 1422-1470.
Style: Renassaince. 
Technique: Stone and marble.
Location: Florence, Italy.

General description: Italian basilica of catholic cult.
                                
                
This is the church of San Lorenzo, that was contructed by Filippo Brunelleschi. Filippo Brunelleschi was an architect and italian sculptor. It was the most important sculptor in the 15th century, with Alberti, Donatello and Mosaccio. He is one of the developers of Renassaince style. All their mathemathical knowledge and his enthusiasm for this science that help to Filippo to takeit for the discovery of the perspective, the key of the Renassaince art.

The Renassaince style is a cultural movement that was produced in Western Europe during the 15th and 16th century. The city of Florence, in Italy was the place when this movement born and was development and then was extended of the rest of Europe.

In 1422-1470 was the period that during the construction of this church. The construction can be considerate that start in 1418,because before to built this church, some buildings was demolished.

This basilica was ordered to build by Cosme de Médici. Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici being a politician and a banker, founding of the dynasty of Médici.

This constuction was a church or a basilica, the materials used are the stone, thec marble and other materials for the facing.This church present a basilical plan that have columns and arches. The arches that formed this building are middle point arch.

The nave is a latin cross plan, has ten chapels vaulted four points , which open to area cruise and the transpet.

The side chapels have the same proportion as the arches of the naves and are covered by a barrel vault.

The dome was decorated with Zodiac signs. Brunelleschi designed the sacristy as a surmounted by a hemispherical dome, where the dome is shown as a ray of sunshine were each of the twelve rays represent the twelve apostles cube, this is a way to represent the universe.

Thw walls of the nave have small windows and side oculi , small around windows that give natural light to inside.

For this basilica Brunelleschi created a latin croos plan, with very little cruise,it produced a visual effect of the centralization in the area of the transpet to enter that area in the light of the latern dome.

This is a catholic cult church that are use for the regular worship.

The previus influences was the demolition of some buildings, the following influences was the place of the Médici family grave.

Finally, in conclusion one piece of art are easy to analyse when you folow the phases that you have, these constuction was easy to analyse because you can search some information and make a principal idea about this build and tell the inmportant information about this basilica and learn about the construction of this period an the style.

The Piety

BASIC INFORMATION:

Title: The Piety
Author: Michelangelo
Year: 1498-1499
Style: Renaissance
Technique: Marble
Location: Basilica of San Pedro of Vaticano, in Rome
General description: The Piety is a sculpture that represent the Virgen Maria and Cristo.

The Piety is a sculpture of Michelangelo. Michelangelo is an architect, sculptor and painter italian renaissance. He was considered one of the grestest artists in history for his sculptures, paintings and architectural works. Some of his sculptural works are: La Virgen de la Escalera, La Madonna de Brujas, El David; paintings: La Tormenta de San Antonio, Santo Entierro, Sagrada Familia... and architectural works: reconstruction of the facade of the basilica of San Lorenzo, Sacristia Nueva and many more.... Other architects are: Giotto, Brunelleschi, Alberti, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci....
This sculpture is part of cinquecento (16th century). The Renaissance is a new style originated in the small Italian states.
The Piety was created in 1498-1499 in the Basilica of San Pedro of Vaticano in Rome.
It is a free standing figure and the tecnhical means ir marble. The volume is pyramidal.
It is religious and is part of the Bible. In the sculpture, the Virgen Maria holding Cristo.
The figure is idealised.

Michelangelo differed from the others because he portrayed intense emotions in his works.
It is cinquecento, Rome became the artistic centre. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael Sanzio belong to this place.

I think that this sculpture is one of the most important because is very nice and represent the Virgen Maria with Cristo.

 LA ESCUELA DE ATENAS DE RAFAEL

Painting card

|Title/name = LA ESCUELA DE ATENAS

|Author   =Rafael Sanzio

|Year =1520

|Style     =

|Technique =Fresco

|Laction =

The School of Athens is one of the most famous paintings of artist Rafael Sanzio. It was made in sketch between 1509 and 1510 and painted between 1510 and 1512 as part of a commission to decorate with frescoes the rooms that are today known as the Raphael, located at the Vatican. Stanza della Segnatura was the first to be decorated, and The School of Athens the second painting to be finished after Disputation of the Holy Sacrament.


Its base is 7.70 m and height of 5.00 m. It is situated opposite Disputation of the Holy Sacrament. Philosophy represents, through a scene in which a session between the classical philosophers is narrated. In this work, Rafael adapts the space to the laws of the surface. Arrange the figures from left to right. The prospect is broken by the protruding side walls


the paint is drawn from the front


the paint is very bright with very vivid and clear colors such as blue highlights thanks to the light brown of the walls and other structures is highlighted




painting is bordered by a semicircular arch.


For me this painting conveys joy by the colors and people together outdoors

Cupula Santa Maria del Fiore

BASIC INFORMATION:

Author: Brunelleschi
Title: Cupula Santa Maria del Fiore
Year: 1471 (cupola)
Style: Italian Renaissance
Technique: Brick, stone and marble
Locaction: Florence, Italy
General description: It is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, Italy. It is one of the masterpieces of Gothic art and the first Italian Renaissance.

This is Cupula Santa Maria del Fiore. The architect is Brunellleschi. The style is renaissance. The construction is in 1296-1418, the copula is in 1471, the facade is in 1876-1887 and the bronzes doors is in 1897-1903.

Santa Maria del Fiore is a cathedral. It is built with brick, stone and marble. His plan is latin cross and there are pointed arches. Pointed dome and topped by a lantern, with a structure made of bricks, on an octagonal base and consists of two parallel shells.

The Cupula Santa Maria del Fiore is in Florence, Italy. This is the first Renaissance dome. In the upper part, there is a lantern which allows light inside the building. It is part of the quattrocento.

The dome was originally a wooden dome built by Arnolfo di Cambio.
The original facade, designed by Arnolfo di Cambio and usually attributed to Giotto construction was actually begun twenty years after Giotto's death.

In the interior, the cathedral has a high and wide central nave and two smaller aisles, forming a latin cross. The ships are separated by wide arches with composite columns dividing the nave into four square sections.

I think this is the most visited cathedral in Florence because it is very nice and has many things to see.

                               THE PALAZZO MEDICI:

Medici Riccardi Palace is one the most important monuments in Florence, a prototype of Renaissance and Baroque architecture. Medici Riccardi Palace hosts temporary exhibitions and experimental virtual envinronment for museums and galleries.

The facade is divided into three floors through the different treatment of rustic rigs and the padding of the wall. There is a gradation of an ashlar padding at the bottom evolving to a much smoother and polished on top padding. Each floor is separated by means of blown cornices.

Dovelaje important within it are vain bíforos, this taken from classical antiquity.

The use of padded ashlar was used as a symbol of wealth and power, as it was very expensive and difficult to do.

Built in the mid-fifteenth century by Michelozzo for the Medici, the building became the prototype of 'Renaissance civil architecture. The rugged and austere mass of the building, originally designed as a sort of hub, was at least a century, the most direct and effective political and cultural primacy of the Medici in Florence.

The Mona Lisa.

THE MONA LISA


 

   



PAINTING CARD

Title: Gioconda/Mona Lisa.
Author: Leonardo Da Vinci.
Year: 1503-1519.
Style: Renaissance, cinquecento.
Technique: Oil on poplar table.
Localization: Louvre museum, París.
General description: The Mona Lisa is a painting of Leonardo Da Vinci that is represent one men, but with some characteristic. It was created between 1503 and 1519, probably is the most famed painting from renaissance, actually, is located in the Louvre museum, París.

The Gioconda or "Mona Lisa" was created for Leonardo Da Vinci, between 1503 and 1519 . The style is from renaissance(cinquecento). In this period It was a lot of good painters like Miguel Ángel, Tiziano, Botticelli… Leonardo Da Vinci was painter, architech, artist, cientific, sculptor... He was a genious in all techniques. Other important work of arts from Da Vinci are "La última cena", "Hombre de Vitruvio"... For that time a lot of painting were humans, because in this time It was antropocentrism, a idea from the humanism that It was a theory that the human is the centre of the universe, this was good for the renaissance, because the renaissance was bassed in the humanism.

The Technique used is oil on poplar (alamo) table, also Da Vinci used the sfumato, a

technique that is obtained putting some capes of paint very thin.

The technique used to created perspective is aerial perspective, this type of perspective

is obtained blurring the background of the landscape. Also the light goes from the left to

the right, for that the right side of the painting is a little darker than the left side.

The colours used are dark colours like black or muted colours and yellows for the skin.

The Gioconda I think is a symmetrical painting , because is a human and more less is

symmetrical.

The function of this painting is didactic, and also It has some characteristics or secrets,

for example we can not say which expression Mona Lisa has or what does it mean the

numbers and letters write in all painting, specially in  the eyes.

The figures used are very realistics, It so realistic that is mysterious.

Mona Lisa is the most famous painting from the renaissance , in the renaissance there

were other painters and It was a very important period for the culture.

Also, actually, It is not known who is the model  and It have been many investigations to

solve that.

For me the Gioconda is a very special painting because It has something that makes it

special.

It is from the cinquecento and the techniques used are  very interesting, the dark colours  

give a different sensation compare with other paintings and the technique used to make    

perspective it is so good.

Santa Maria Novella. Alberti.

  













BASIC INFORMATION


- Author: Leon Battista Alberti.

- Title: Santa María Novella.

- Year: 1456-1470 (Facade)

- Style: Gothic-Renaissance (Facade)

- Technique: Marble sculpture.

-  Location: Santa Maria Novella square, 
Florence, Italy.

-  General description:
 The Santa María Novella basilic is one of the most important and beautifull churcs in Florence and in the all world. It is mostly built by marmol, the construction finished in 1470 and his architect is Leon Battista Alberti (Facade).


This basilic is Santa María Novella basilic, is situated in Florence and his architect is Alberti.
Santa María Novella is a renaissance (facade) and it was created between 1456 and 1470.


Santa María Novella is a basilic or churc that it was created by stone, exactly by marmol.
His plan is a basilican latin cross, with a very high snd wide central nave  and two aisles minor, a normal plan of a church.
Inside of the church has a pointed arches because the style of inside is gothic and in the facade it has a semicircular arch.
In relation with vaults and domes I can not explain nothing because I explain the renaissance and the vaults and domes are from Gothic.
It has a good light inside because It has a lot of windows of colours.
The function of Santa María Novella is the same that a normal church, ordinary worship.

The inside of Santa María Novella is ghotic and when this part was finished it need a facade but renaissance, the architech chosen was Alberti but there was a lot of architech like Miguel Ángel, Brunelleshi or Bramantino.
This in the quattrocento and this time was very important for the reinaissance culture.
Some of other architecture are Palace of Medici Riccardi or villa capra.

Finally I can say that Santa María Novella is a very importart renaissance churc in Florence and in all world, also his architech, Alberti, was one of the best architechs in the renaissance, the material used was marmol, a very strong stone.
With this basilic and other it was possible set the renaissance in Italy specially.

David de Miguel Ángel

........